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Keywords

fiscal and tax policies of science and technology, product innovation, process innovation, enterprise export behavior

Abstract

With the promotion of the innovation-driven development strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative, more and more science and technology enterprises are supported by policies of science and technology and choose to go global for development. Under the support and leadership of national policies, the status of China’s export enterprises in global trade has been rising, however, along with the increasing severity of trade protectionism, there are more and more cases of export enterprises being subjected to anti-dumping and countervailing measures by other countries. The fiscal and tax policies of science and technology are favourable to implementation of innovation-driven strategy and the innovative development of enterprises and it is crucial to explore the impact of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology on the export of enterprises. Based on institutional theory and resource dependence theory, this paper takes the micro questionnaire survey data of science and technology enterprises from 2010 to 2013 as the research samples, subdividing fiscal and tax policies of science and technology into three dimensions of policy support choice, policy support intensity and policy support strength, specifically classifying the export behavior of enterprises into three dimensions of export choice, export scale, and export intensity. It also introduces technological innovation as a mediating variable, further divides technological innovation into two dimensions of product innovation and process innovation, and analyses the impact effect and mechanism of the support of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology on the export behavior of enterprises. The results show that obtaining the support of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology can promote the export choices of enterprises, and obtaining the innovation government subsidies can promote enterprises’ export choices more significant than obtaining the innovation tax incentives. The support of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology will help to expand the Enterprises’ export scale, and the innovation tax incentives can expand the enterprises’ export scale more significant than the innovation government subsidy. The support intensity of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology has a significant negative impact on the enterprises’ export intensity, and the intensity of innovation government subsidies is more likely to have a negative impact on the enterprises’ export intensity than the intensity of innovation tax incentives. Innovation tax incentives are more likely to prompt large and medium-sized enterprises to make export choices, while innovation government subsidies are more likely to prompt small and micro enterprises to make export choices. Product innovation and process innovation are important transmission mechanisms for fiscal and tax policies of science and technology to influence enterprises’ exports, the results show that fiscal and tax policies of science and technology promote enterprise exports through the push of enterprise product innovation and process innovation. These findings help to clarify the corresponding influence of different support features of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology on different export behavior features of enterprises, help to further clarify how enterprises carry out the export trade under the support of fiscal and tax policies of science and technology, and can provide practical inspiration for the “going global” development of enterprises.

DOI

10.16315/j.stm.2023.05.005

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